Apparatus for signaling to trains.



No. 769,279. PATENTED SEPT. 6, 1904.

l J, SEEL.

APPARATUS FOR SIGNALING T0 TRAINS.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 19. 1904. no MODEL. 7 v SHEETS-SHEET}.

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PR 00 E E D WITH CAUTION No. 769,279. PATENTED SEPT. 6, 1904. J. SBEL.

APPARATUS FOR SIGNALING T0 TRAINS.

' APPLIGATION FILED MAR. 19, 1904.

no MODEL. 7 snnms-smm 2.

9 JJf/WJEEL No."769,279. PATENTEI) SEPT 6, 1904. J. SEEL.

APPARATUS FOR SIGNALING T0 TRAINS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.19, 1904.

N0 MODEL. 7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

W/ ZZWI/ Q 77,

No. 769,279. PATENTED SEPT. 6, 190A.

SBBL. I APPARATUS FOR SIGNALING TO TRAINS.

'APPLIGATION FILED MAR. 19. 1904.

N0 MODEL. 7 SHEETS-SHEET 4K.

No. 769,279. PATENTED SEPT. 6, 1904.

I I J. SEEL. APPARATUS FOR SIGNALING T0 TRAINS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR, 19, 1904. N0 MODEL. 7 7 SHBETSSHEET 5.

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N0. MODEL.

I N0. 769,279. PATENTED SEPT. 6, 1904'.

J. SEEL.

APPARATUS FOR SIGNALING TO TRAINS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 19, 1904.

N0 MODEL; 7 SHEETB-SHEET 7.

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UmrE'n J STAT PATENT OFFICE- JOSEPH SEELOFMANGHESTER, ENGLAND.

' APPARATUS FOR S IGNALING TO TRAINS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 769,279, dated September 6, 1904.

Application filed March 19, 1904.

" To aZl whon z/ it may concern.- 1' Be it known that I, JOSEPH SEEL, engineer,

a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and 'a resident of 12 Nelson street,

Lower Broughton, Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Signaling to Trains, (for which I have made application for Letters Patent in Great Britain, No. 6,7 93, dated' March'Q L, 1903,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to apparatus for signaling to trains.

My object is to provide means for signaling which will act equally well in clear and in foggy weather and equally well during the day and atnight',

According to my invention, the signals are indicated on the train, and not on the track.

My invention consists in an apparatus which will be described .in. the following specification and its novel features appended claims.

I provide an electric circuit to convey electriccurrent from a signal-box along the track and through a suitable instrument on the train. I provide current from any convenient source. Lmay have primary batteries or accumulators in the signal-box, or the current may be fed to th'esignal-box or to any suitable place on the circuit by feeders taking current from any central station. I may have either pointed out in the a single conductor (which I shall refer to generally as the line-wire, but which may be a rail or an ironor steel rolled bar) extending along the track and allow the current to return by the ordinary rails, or earth, or I may pro vide two conductors or line-wires along the trackthat is, a positive one and a negative oneor I may dispense entirely with aspecial conductorand use one of the ordinary trackrails as the positive conductor and the other as the negative conductor. I provide a suitable .plow or plows or brush or brushes or' trolley or trolleys on the train and cause these tomake contact with the line'wire of wires or rail or rails, so that current can pass through the instrument on the train. I may place a shield over the line wire or wires, so as to prevent their insulation being spoiled by be sent to the train.

and the line.

Serial No, 199,023- (No model.)

rain or snow, or I mayarrange theinsulators to effect this purpose. If desired, Imay hang the line wire or wires from and below insulated supports and make the brushes or trolleys carried by the train press upward against them. I prefer to have at least two brushes on the train tomake contact with the line-wire or rail or with each line-wire or rail.,

The transmitting instrument which I place in the signal-box is arranged to break the circuit before sending a message and then to make and break ita certain number of times, according to the signal or message desired to This first-mentioned break is in every case absolute and prevents any current passing along theline. The make and break mentioned hereinafter may, how'- ever, be arranged with a shunt past it of relatively high resistance, so that when the current is broken by this make and break on the circuit which contains it there is still a rela tively feeble current The receiving instrument on the train is provided with an index wh1ch moves over a scale passing along the shunt or with a movable cloth or sheet on which signals are printed which canbeviewed through a WlIlClOW or hole in the box or case containing the instruments, the movement being' caused by clockwork or other suitable means controlled by the impulses or beats of the current when the circuit is closed and broken at the signal-box and the movement belng pro:

portional to the number of said impulses or beats. When the current stops for more than an instant, the index or sheet goesback to its Zero position. The index or sheet will there after always be at zero when a new message is sent and will always return to Zero when the train passes oif the sectionof line controlled by one signal-box and onto a section controlled by another signal-box. Abell may be arranged to ring when the index or sheet returns to zero, and, if desired, the bell may be arranged to keep on ringing as long as the index'or sheet remains at zero that is, as long as the circuit remains broken, 1 may, if desired, place an electric motor driving a vane in the circuit, sothat the rotation of this will indicate that current is passing, orI may employ an electric lamp for this purpose. A receiving instrument is preferably placed in the signal-box, so that the signalman can check his messages or signals.

If the index or sheet on the receiving instrument goes to zero and remains there, this will indicate that thegcircuit has been broken through some accident, and this fact will therefore be indicated on the train, (and also at the signal-box, if a receiving instrument is placed there.) If the bell is arranged to ring as long as the circuit remains broken, it will obviously prevent this fact being overlooked.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one convenient form of transmitting and receiving instruments with connections, Figure 1 is a front view of the transmitting instrument. Fig. 2 is a front elevation, drawn to an enlarged scale, ofthe same, the door or front side of the box being removed; Fig. 3 is asection on the line A B (/D of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a section on the line A K of Fig.3 looking from left to right, only certainparts being shown in this section. Fig. -5 is alongitudinal section on the line E F of Figs. 2' and 3, only'certa'in parts being shown. Fig.- 6 is a front elevation of the receiving. instrument with the front side of the case removed. Fig. 7 is-a section on the line OP of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view showing. the electrical arrangement and connections. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view showing some of the electrical arrangement and connections and showing a locomotive on a track fitted up according to my invention.

Fig. 8? is an end elevation of certain parts shown in Fig. 8. r Referring, in the first place, to'Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, a is the case containing the instrument for transmitting. the messages, which case may be of wood, metal, or other convenient substance. 5 is a metal base-plate having uprights 0 (Z at front and back, which uprights form bearings for the shaft 6. are keyed or otherwise rigidly attached two drumsfg. Cords or chains h it are wound round these drums in opposite directions. The top end'of the cord k is attached to the bottom end of the tension-springm, the top end of Which is anchored to the frame at a. The cord- 7L is attached in a similar manner to the tension-spring p, the top end of which is attached to the A ring or hoop carried in a groove on the lever r. This lever has a spherical end mounted in a socket s, attached'to the f rame'of the machine, so that a universal joint is produced. A ratchet-wheel t is fixed on the shaft 0, andits teeth are engaged by the pawl rafor-med integral with the lever a, pivoted at' w to the support The lever 21 is connected by a pivot or by a pin and slot to the core y of the solenoid 2, which is carried by the frame of the instrument. 40 is a piece of spring-steel attached at its lower end to the frame of, the instrument and carrying at its I collars or washers.

upper end a catch-piece 30, adapted to en'gage with a pin 4, carried by the lever n,-fo1 a purpose which will be explained hereinafter. Alongside the ratchet-wheel t and also fixed on the shaft 0 is another exactly-similar ratchet-wheel 5. (See Fig. 4.) Alongside of this ratchetwheel' 5 is a crown-wheel 6 Figs. 2, 3, and 4, which carries on its face, adjacent to the ratchet-wheel 5, two springs7 7, each of v hich is fastened at one end 8 to the crown-wheel, while the other end presses against a pawl 9, so that the springs tend to force tli'e'se n'i'wls into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 5. The pawls are carried by the crown-wheel, which is loose on the shaft and is prevented from moving endwise on the shaft by suitable As far as the working of the apparatus is concerned, it would answer equally well if one ratchet-w heel was em ployedinstead of the two ratchet-wheels t and 5. The teeth on the crown-wheel face engage with pallets 11 12, carried by a rod 13. This rod .is supported at its lower end by a footstepbearing. in the base-plate b and at its upper end is supported by the bracket 14. Fixed on the end of the rod 13 is a lever 15 carrying at its end a weight or hammer-head 16. (See Figs. 2, 3, and 5.) This hammer-head carries an insulated pin 17, adapted to make and break contact with a spring 18, carried by a support 19, borne by the frame of the m'achine; The light tension-spring 21, anchored to a hook 20, carried by the upright m, acts so as to tend to keep the pin 17 in contact with the spring 18. The lever o carries a pin 22, which works in a slot in one end of a rod 24, the other end of which is pivoted at 25 to the lever 26. This lever 26 is fulcrumed at one end 27 to a bracket 28, carried by the frame ofthe machine, while its other end is supported by a spring-29. which is itself hung machine. On this shaft from a hook 31, carried by the frame of the The lever 26 carries fixed to it a spring finger 41, adapted to make contact when the lever is in its upper position with an arm 42, which is suitably supported from the frame of the machine.

The front of the instrument, as shown in Fig. 1, is provided'with three vertical slots 32, 33, and 34. There may be any convenient number of these slots, according to the number of signals to be given.

V Three are sufficient to illustrate the working of the instrument.

their lower ends by the horizontal slot 35. Pockets 36, 37, and 38 are formed at the tops of the vertical slots.

The lever is adapted 5 horizontal slot 35, as shown in Fig. 1.

The

rend of the lever is formed as a handle 39, which can be gripped by the hand, so as to place the lever in the desired position.

The working of the instrument is as fol- I do The three vertical slots are united at the lever 9'" wasraised.

number of makes and breaks at 17 18 would 'to the other.

lows f VVhen the lever o is raised from the 6 slot 35 up one of the vertical slots and placed in one offthe pockets, tension is put on the spring 19. This thereforetends to rotate the drum fin a clockwise direction looking atthe drum from the front. If thecircuit is wheel It, thus preventing the cord it from rotating the drum f. When, however, the circuit is completedv'say.by a train coming onto the section controlled-by this instrument the solenoid -z is energized, the core y is lifted and pulls up with it thelever '0, thus remov-' ing the pawl u from the teeth of the ratchetwheel t. The tension of the spring 79' then rotates the drum f. a The shaft .12 rotates until the tension of the spring p balances. that of the spring m, and when equilibrium is established the shaft comes 'to rest. Dur: ing the movement of the shaft the teeth of the crown-wheel. have actedv alternately on thepallet 11 and the pallet 12, so as to oscillate the rod 13, and thus give ato-and-fro motion to the hammer-head 16. The pin 17 hastherefore been alternately brought into contact with and removed from the spring 18..

The main circuit-is completed only when the pin 17 makes contact with the spring. 18, and therefore. this -circuit will have been made and broken a number of times corresponding to the number of teeth on the crown wheel 6 and the number of turns or fraction of a turn given to thiswheel; Had the circuit been.

completed before the lever r was lifted, then the pawlu would have been free from the teeth of the ratchetwheel t, and the shaft 0 would have commenced to rotate immediately In any ,case the have been the same. When thelever is lowered to the horizontal slot 35, the crown wheel 6 is prevented from rotating backward by the pallets 11 12, which are shaped accord ingly;' but the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 5 slip past the pawls 9 and .allow the shafte to rotate backunder the action of the spring m to its initial position, in which thesprings are balanced. When the lever r is lowered and just before it enters the slot 35, the contact is broken between the finger 41 and the arm 42. As the main circuit is by way of these parts, this circuit is broken when the leveris brought into. the horizontal slot 35. As the lever cannot be moved vfrom the one'slot to the other Withoutbeing forced into the horizontal slot 35, it follows that the circuit must .be broken in passing the lever from the one vertical slot The three pockets represent three signals. Any desired number of signals maybe given by providing a correspondingnumber of slots andpockets'.

Referringnow toFigs. 6 and 7, which illus- V trate' the receiving instrument as built 1n one convenient form, I providelalshaft 51, which is adapted to be actuated by the clockwork" 52. On' this shaft ismourited one part, 53, of a clutch, the other part, 54:, of which is loose on the shaft and made integral withorrigid with, a drum or roller 55, on which canibe wound up a sheet of cloth 56,'on which the signals are printed. This cloth passes at its --upper end over another drum or roller, 50,

which is mounted on the spindle 60 and is actuated by a light spring, (not shown,) so as to 'wind'u'p the cloth'to the full'extent allowed when not prevented by the bottom drum. The

.part 53 of the clutch is formed rigid with or integral with the collars 57 58, and these three .parts are capable of a longitudinal movement along the shaft, although they are compelled to rotatewith the shaft owing to a key or feather." The roller :55, although mounted ,loosely on the shaft, is prevented from having 'endwise motion by means of collars 59, of

which the left-hand one is seen; but theright hand one issunk in the part 5 1 of theclutch; The two parts of the clutch are put in andout of gear'by means of a lever 61, pivoted at-62 to a support 63, carried by the frame of the machine: This levercarries an armature 64:, which is adapted to be attracted by the elec-' tromagnet 65 when this is energized by the current passing through its coils. This magnet 6 is rigidly attached to the frame of the instru 1 m'ent The solenoid 66 is also rigidly attached I to the frame of the instrument. The core 67 of this solenoid is attached by a pivot or pin and slot to the lever 68, which is pivoted at 69 and carries the pallets 1 and 72. These pallets engage with theteeth of the escapement-wheel 7 3. The tail-end ofthe'leveri68 is attached to the top end of the spring 7 4:, the lower end of which is anchored to a hook 75, attachedto the frame of the instrument. preferably arranged in any convenient part of A vane 76 is the instrumentsay in'the position shown at the top of the instrument. This vane is driven bya self-starting electromotor placed'in the. circuit or in a shunt to the circuit. Instead of the electromotor and vane. or in addition thereto I may provide'an electric glow-lamp '1 may provide a switch 7 7 which is arranged to breakthe circuit when required. This I'IO switch may be conveniently arranged as a" spring-push. It is, however, so arranged that when the button is pushed in it breaks the electric circuit instead of closing it, the spring serving to return the button and close the cir- Y cuit when the pressure on the button is removed. The action of the instrument is as follows: The electromagnet 65'and'the'solenoid are arranged either in parallel or in'series and are supplied with current from the line. "The elec tromagnet 65 is wound with a very great'numberofturns of wire,so thatitwill hold thearmature 6 1 in its near position againstthe action of the-spring 78, which tends to pull the armature intotheoff position. (ShowninFig. 6.) Therefore when once the armature has been attracted toward the magnet the makes and breaks produced in the transmitting instrument will not affect the position of this armature, as the current Which passes through the shuntat the transmitting instrument (which shunt will be referred to more particularly hereinafter) will be, sufficient to hold the armature in its near position. The solenoid 66, however, is wound so as to be affected by the makes and breaks at the transmitting instrument. It is arranged with much fewer coils. The makes and breaks at the transmitting instrument therefore cause the core 67 to rise and fall in the solenoid, the magnetic attraction acting to draw up the core and the spring acting to draw down the core. The magnetic attraction therefore causes the lever 68 to vibrate, and the pallets 71 and 72 therefore alternately release the teethof the escapement-wheel 73 and allow this to rotate under the action of the clockwork,but controlled by the pallets. When the armature 64 is in its near position to the magnet 65, the clutch 53 54 will be in gear, and therefore as the shaft 51 rotates, as allowed by the pallets 71 72, the cloth 56 will be wound up on the drum 55 and the amount of winding will be proportional to the number of makes and breakes or beats or waves in the electric circuit, When the making and breaking action ceases and a continuous current passes along the circuit, then the cloth 56 will remain I Figs. 8 and 8".

stationary in the position to which it has been wound. Whenever the main circuit is completely broken, the armature 64 will cease to be attracted by the magnet 65 and the spring 78 will pull it into itsoff position, thus disengaging the clutch and allowing the springactuated roller to wind up the cloth to its initial or Zero position.

The action of the apparatus will be more fully understood by reference to the diagrams In these figures the different partsshown, which have been already mentioned, are lettered as in the preceding figures. The. source of power, of whatever nature this maybe, is indicated by 100. One terminal,

I 95, of this sourceof power is connected to the terminal 2 of the transmitting instrument.

[This is connected by way of the make and break'17 18 to, the terminal 3 ofthe transmitting instrument. The terminals 2 3 are also united to each other by a shunt-circuit containingthe resistance-coils 99. The terminal 3 is connected to the electromagnet .2,

and this in turn is connected to the finger 41,

which can make contact with the arm 42.

This arm 42 is connected to the terminal 1 of the transmitting instrument, which is placed in communication with one of the line-wires 98, leading to the receiving instrument on the locomotive. The other terminal, 97, of the source of power is connected to the other linewire, 96, leading to the recelvlng instrument on the locomotive. The parts of the receiving instrument are shown diagrammatically in Fig. 8, but are not shown in Fig. 8, which, however, shows the locomotive 101, which carries the receiving instrument. .In Fig. 8 the line-wire 98 is shown connected to the ordinary rails 98, and the line wire 96 is shown connected to a third rail 96, from which the locomotive picks up the current by means of a trolley-wheel 103, carried by an arm 102, projecting from the locomotive 101. The locomotive, trolley, and rails are shown in end elevation in Fig. 8. Referring to Fig. 8, the terminal A of the receiving instrument is connected to the line-wire 98 and the terminal B of the receiving instrument is connected to the line-wire 96. The terminal A is connected by way of the switch 77 with one terminal, 93, of the motor 94, which works the vane 76, Fig. 6. The other terminal, 92, of the same motor is connected by the wire 90 to the solenoid 66, which in turn is put in communication with the electromagnet by the wire 89. This electromagnet is in turn connected to the teriminal B of the receiving instrument by the wire 86. tioned, the solenoidv 66 and the electromagnet 65 maybe put in parallel instead of in series. The wire connection 89 will in this case be replaced by the wire connections 88 and 87, (shown in dotted lines.)

It will be seen that when the circuit is broken at 17 18 there may still be a current passing through the line-wires, owing to the shuntcircuit between the terminals 2 and 3 through the resistance-coils 99. This will allow a relatively feeble current to pass through the linewires, which current is powerful enough to keep the armature 64 in the near position with regard to the electromagnet 65, but is not sufficient to'hold up the core 67 within the solenoid 66. 1 may, however, if desired, dispense with the shunt-circuit between the terminals 2 and 3 and may so construct the electromagnet 65 that it will not let go the armature 66 at the breaks of the circuit caused at 17 18, which breaks may be arranged to be of very short duration.

It will be obvious that if the circuit is broken at the line-wires 96 98that is, if a locomotive is not on the section of line controlled by the transmitting instrument-there will be no current passing through the solenoid z, and therefore the core 3/ will not be raised. This core 1 is always pushed down to its lowest position from off the support 30 (see Fig. 2) by the lever 26, rod 24, and lever 4) whenever the lever r is brought down to the horizontal slot 35 in order to give a new signal. It therefore follows that if a train is not in a section controlled by the transmitting instrument when the lever r of that instrument is raised and placed in one of the pockets no rotation will be given to the shaft 0 of the transmitting instrument. As soon, however,

As before menas the circuit is, completed by a train coming onto-a section of line controlled by the transmitting instrument the core 1/ will be drawn I signals are provided on the cloth56-and'are so arranged that each aforesaid distinctive,

movement given to the cloth brings one of' said signals into a position to be seen. Thereof theline-wires between the transmitting and receiving instruments... It has also been explained that the number of. makes and breaks or beats or waves given to the electric current depends on the number of turns .or frac tion of a turn given to the, crown-wheel 6- that is, depends upon the distance the lever is raised. The pockets 36, 37, and 38 in the transmitting instrument are arranged atdifferent heights, so that the raising of the lever 1" into any one pocket produces a definite and distinctive amount of movement in the cloth 56 in the receiving instrument. Printed fore the position of the lever r in any one of thepockets in the transmitting instrument corresponds to a particular printed signal on strument at a time, because the front of the into its off position.

. has been sent.

.wise breaking the circuit he can cause the the cloth 56 at the receiving instrument. f

Only one signal can be read on the receiving inreceiving instrument is non-transparent, ex-

, ccpt-for a small window, the position of which is-indicated by the dotted. lines 87 in Fig. 6.

The cloth 56 may be illuminated either from the front Or. from the back in order that the signals may be easily read.

Thepuslror switch 7 7 can be employed to enable the driver to query any message which By pressingthe push or othersheet of his receiving instrument to go to the zero position. The instrument at the signalboX will be acted on similarly, and the signalman will therefore have to repeat the message-that is, he will have to lower the lever 1 to the horizontal slot 35and then replace it in the pocket. r 1 may arrange a bell actuated by a local battery situated on the locomotive to be actuated so as to ring Whenever the armature 64 goes This can be arranged by ,the'lever61 striking the pin 84, and thus completing the bell-circuit. The current in this circuit has no connection whatever with the current actuating the receiving instrument;

but is an ordinary bell-circuit,- and as the bell may be of any convenient type it does notre 'is not an essential part of my invention.

The bell may be either a single-stroke hell or may be a bell of the usual kind, so that it will ring as long as the armature 64"is in its off position.

A Although electromagnets provided with arf matures have been described n somecasesand solenoids provided with cores'in other cases, it will be understood that'these devices may be substituted the one for the other, as may be considered desirable, and that other electrical and mechanical devices may be replaced by equivalent'devices. For 'example,weights and; springs may be substituted oneffo'r the other'to a certain'extent. It will, how-ever, be desirable to avoid weights in thereceiving instrument on account of the jolting' and vibration of the train. For the same reasonit will be advisable to balance .the moving parts as far as possible. p

As the transmitting and receiving instruments' necessarily return to their zero positions before a new signal is given, it will be obvious that one signal is quite'unaifected by the signal previously given. There is therefore no chance'of an error being gradually accumulated. I V

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

V 1'. In electric signaling apparatus, the com-.

bination of a transmitting instrument with a receiving instrument, with means'forgener ating electrical energy andwith electrical conductors connecting these; the transmitting instrument comprising 'a spring adapted "to be positively'tensioned to a greater or less' extent according to the signal desired to be seiit, a shaft adapted whenfree-to be forwardly r0- tated by this spring, an elcctromagnet, an armature adapted to be attracted by said electromagnet and in this action to free'the said shaft, an escapement-wheel, anesc'apement adapted to be'actuated by said escapementwheel and to make and breakan electric circuit at everydouble vibration and a second spring adapted to rotate back'the shaft toiits initial position when allowed by the first-mentioned spring; and the receiving instrument "comprising an elcctrom'agnet adapted to been- 'ergized by electricfcurrcnt controlled" by the transmitting instrument, a spring act'uated armature adapted to "be attracted th'esaid electromagnet and to reciprocate 'withlthe makes and breaks in the circuit. produced at the transmitting instrument, a second armature, an electromagnet adapted to attract this second armatureand hold it against the actionof aspring during the said makes and breaks, but to drop. this armature when the current passing through the instrument icompletely stops for more than an instant, aclutc h controlled by. saidflast-mehtionedl armature and clockwork adapted to, act through said clutch to produce the motion requiredtofexhibit quire further description. Moreover, this hell i signals, an escapcment-whecl onisaid. clockwork and an escapemcnt adapted to control this escapement-wheel and to be actuated by the first-mentioned armature on the receiving instrument, substantially as and for the purpose described. r,

2. In apparatus for electrically signaling to trains, a transmitting instrument comprising a spring adapted to be positively tensioned to a greater or less extent according to the signal desired to be sent,a shaft adapted when free to be forwardly rotated by this spring, an electromagnet, an armature adapted to be attracted by said eleotrornagnet and in this action to free the said shaft, an escapement-wheel, an escapement adapted to be actuated by said escapement-wheel and to make and break an electric circuit atevery double vibration and a second spring adapted to rotate back the shaft to its initial position when allowed by the first-mentioned spring, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. In apparatus for electrically signaling to trains, a receiving instrument, comprising an electromagnet adapted to be energized by electric current, a spring-actuated armature for the said electromagnet adapted to reciprocate with an intermittent current or with waves or beats of current passing through the electromagnet-coils, a second armature, an electromagnet adapted to attract this second armature and hold it against the action of a spring during the continuance of the said intermittent current or the said waves or beats of ourrent and adapted to drop the armature when the current passing through the instrument completely stops for more than an instant, a clutch controlled by said (last-mentioned) armature, clockwork adapted to act through said clutch to produce the motion required to exhibit signals, 'an escapement-wheel on said clockwork, and an escapement adapted to control this escapement-wheel and to be actuated by the first-mentioned armature, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. In apparatus for electrically signaling to trains, a receiving instrument, comprising an electromagnet adapted to be energized by electric current, a spring-actuated armature for the said electromagnet adapted to reciprocate with an intermittent current or with waves or beats of current passing through the electromagnet-coils, a second armature, an electromagnet adapted to attract this second armature and hold it against the action of a spring during the continuance of the said intermittent current or the said waves or beats of current and adapted to drop the armature when the current passing through the instrument completely stops for more than an instant, a clutch controlled by said last-mentioned armature, clockwork adapted to act through said clutch to produce the motion required to exhibit signals, an escapement-wheel on said clockwork, an escapement adapted to control this escapement-wheel and to be actuated by the first-mentioned armature, and an electric lamp adapted to glow except when the current is completely stopped for more than an instant, substantially as and for the purpose described.

5. In apparatus for electrically signaling to trains, a receiving instrument, comprising an electromagnet adapted to be energized by electric current, a spring-actuated armature for the said electroinagnet adapted to reciprocate with an intermittent current or with waves or beats of current passing through the electromagnet-coils, a second armature, an electromagnet adapted to attract this second armature and hold it against the action of a spring during the continuance of said intermittent current or the said waves or beats of current and adapted to drop the armature when the current passing through the instrument completely stops for more than an instant,-a clutch controlled by said last-mentioned armature, clockwork adapted to act through said clutch to produce the motion required to exhibit signals, an escapement-wheel on said clockwork, an escapement adapted to control this escapement-wheel and to be actuated by the firstmentioned armature and a spring-push switch adapted to break the circuit and keep it broken only when the button is pressed, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH SEEL.

Witnesses: I

Rosana MORRISON NEILSON, VIVIAN ARTHUR HUGHES. 

